Abstract classes are used for providing an abstraction to the code to make it reusable and extendable.
It is a class that has at least one pure virtual function (i.e., a function that has no definition). The classes inheriting the abstract class must provide a definition for the pure virtual function.
Using xsd.exe which will be install with the Visual studio can be used.
Open Visual Studio Command Prompt and use the following commands
Setting environment for using Microsoft Visual Studio 2010 x86 tools.
C:Program Files (x86)Microsoft Visual Studio 10.0VC>cd C:
C:>xsd CPPData.xml
Microsoft (R) Xml Schemas/DataTypes support utility [Microsoft (R) .NET Framework, Version 4.0.30319.1] Copyright (C) Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved. Writing file 'C:CPPData.xsd'. C:>xsd CPPData.xsd /classes Microsoft (R) Xml Schemas/DataTypes support utility [Microsoft (R) .NET Framework, Version 4.0.30319.1] Copyright (C) Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved. Writing file 'C:CPPData.cs'. C:>
using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
namespace RandomSelect {
class Program {
static List lst = new List();
static void Main(string[] args) {
lst.Add("1");
lst.Add("2");
lst.Add("3");
lst.Add("4");
lst.Add("5");
lst.Add("6");
lst.Add("7");
lst.Add("8");
lst.Add("9");
lst.Add("10");
Random rndElement = new Random();
foreach (string i in lst) {
string s = lst[rndElement.Next(lst.Count)];
Console.WriteLine(s);
}
}
}
}
void main() {
cout<<"Hello World !!!";
}
int main(int argc, char* argv[]) {
cout<<"Hello World !!!";
return 1;
}
using System;
namespace CSharpSample {
class Program {
static void Main() {
Console.WriteLine("Hello World !!!");
}
}
}
using System;
namespace CSharpSample {
class Program {
static int Main(string[] args) {
Console.WriteLine("Hello World !!!");
return 1;
}
}
}
Main function with out any arguments Not possible Compilation error java.lang.NoSuchMethodError: main Exception in thread "main" Main function with commandline Arguments
Main Function with commandline Arguments
public class Program {
public static void main(String args[]) {
System.out.println( "Hello, World !!!" );
}
}
[Part-2: Basic Input/Output] C++, C#, Java Syntax Differences
Using the standard input and output library, we will be able to interact with the user by printing messages on the screen and getting the user's input from the keyboard.
1. C++
cin>>cout<<// Print Greetings Program
// Basic Input/Output
void PrintGreeting(char name[])
{
cout<<"Hello " << name <<endl;
}
int main(int argc, char* argv[])
{
char name[100\];
cout<<"Enter Your Name:"; //cout -> Standard Output
cin>>name; //cin -> Standard Input
PrintGreeting(name);
return 1;
}
/* OUT PUT
Enter Your Name:nagvbt
Hello nagvbt
*/
2. C#
// Print Greetings Program
// Basic Input/Output
namespace CSharpSample
{
class Program
{
static void PrintGreeting(char[] name)
{
Console.WriteLine("Hello "+ new string(name));
}
static int Main(string[] args)
{
char[] name;
Console.WriteLine("Enter Your Name:"); //Console.WriteLine() -> Standard Output
string sName = Console.ReadLine(); //Console.ReadLine() -> Standard Input
name = sName.ToCharArray();
PrintGreeting(name);
return 1;
}
}
}
/* * OUTPUT * *
Enter Your Name:
Nag VBT
Hello Nag VBT
* * * * * * * */
3. Java
Input - System.out.println()
Output - System.in.read()
import java.io.IOException;
class Program
{
public static void PrintGreeting(char[] name)
{
System.out.println("Hello "+ new String(name));
}
public static void main(String[] args)
{
char[] name;
System.out.print("Enter Your Name:"); //System.out.println -> Standard Output
String sName = "";
int tmp;
try
{
while((tmp = System.in.read ()) != 'n') // System.in.read -> Standard Input
{
char c = (char) tmp;
sName = sName + c;
}
}
catch (IOException e)
{
e.printStackTrace();
}
name = sName.toCharArray();
PrintGreeting(name);
}
}
/* OUTPUT
Enter Your Name:Nag VBT
Hello Nag VBT
*/
Comments, Methods, Class, objects Syntax Differences
Comments Same for C++, C#, Java
/ This is a a multiline comment /
Method/Function declarations
Same, except that in C# and in Java, function must always be part of a class, and must prefix with access specifier - public/private/protected
check main function for reference
Same but c# and Java does not require a semicolon after closing bracket '}'
_ C++ _
class myMath {
//Methods
public: int Add(int i, int j)
{
return i + j;
}
};
_ C#/Java _
class myMath {
//Methods
public int Add(int i, int j)
{
return i + j;
}
}
Object declaration/creation C++
Object creation on Stack
myMath obj; //on stack
int result = obj.Add(1,2);
Object creation on Heap
myMath \*pobj = new myMath(); //on heap
int result = obj->Add(1,2);
delete pobj;
Java/C#
myMath obj = new myMath();
int result = obj.Add(1,2);
Step 1: Create a new project in Microsoft Visual Studio 2008 (File -> New -> Project -> Visual C# -> Console Application). Give SMS_Sender name and also specify the location where to store the project.
Step 2: Now add a new item to the project we just created (Project -> Add New Item -> Class). Specify a name to the class as ‘SMSHelper’. The code now looks like as follows. The namespace used is
using System.IO;
using System.Net;
SMSHelper.cs
public class SMSHelper {
private WebResponse myResponse = null;
private string result = string.Empty;
private string formatUrl(string ToMobileNo, string Message) {
DateTime mydate = System.DateTime.Now;
string url = ""; url += "method=sendMessage";
url += "&userid=2000053959"; // your loginId - 1
url += "&password=Gdgek2yiY";//password - 2
url += "&msg=" + mydate.ToString();
url += Message;
url += "&send_to="; // a valid 10 digit phone no.
url += ToMobileNo; url += "&v=1.1";
url += "&msg_type=TEXT"; // Can be "FLASH" or "UNICODE\_TEXT" or "BINARY"
url += "&auth_scheme=PLAIN";
return url;
}
public string SendSms(string ToMobileNo , string Message)
{
try
{
string finalUrl = "http://enterprise.smsgupshup.com/GatewayAPI/rest?" + formatUrl(ToMobileNo, Message);
HttpWebRequest myRequest = (HttpWebRequest)WebRequest.Create(finalUrl);
myResponse = myRequest.GetResponse();
Stream st = myResponse.GetResponseStream();
Encoding ec = System.Text.Encoding.GetEncoding("utf-8");
StreamReader reader = new System.IO.StreamReader(st, ec);
result = reader.ReadToEnd();
reader.Close();
st.Close();
return result;
}
catch (Exception exp)
{
return result;
}
finally
{
if (myResponse != null) myResponse.Close();
}
}
}
Step 3: Open Program.cs and in Main write the following lines to send the SMS
class Program {
static void Main(string[] args) {
SMSHelper smsObj = new SMSHelper();
string Text = smsObj.SendSms("1234567890", "HelloWorld");
Console.WriteLine(Text);
}
}
using System;
namespace CSharp {
//Singleton: Ensure a class only has one instance,
//and provide a global point of access to it.
class Singleton {
//Member Variable
private static Singleton instance = null;
//Memeber Functions
private Singleton()
{
}
public static Singleton Instance()
{
if(instance == null )
{
instance = new Singleton ();
}
return instance;
}
public void print()
{
Console.WriteLine("Singleton Class" );
}
};
class Program {
static void Main(string[] args) {
Singleton n = Singleton .Instance();
n.print();
Singleton p = Singleton .Instance();
p.print();
}
}
}
Minimal code to write a c# windows form:
using System.Windows.Forms;
namespace ConsoleFormApp {
class MyWindow : Form {
public MyWindow() {
this.Text = "First Form";
}
}
class Program {
static void Main(string\[\] args) {
Application.Run(new MyWindow());
}
}
}