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M.Tech - Embedded Systems

Master of Technology in Embedded Systems
🏫 Jawaharlal Nehru Technological University - Hyderabad
🏷️ Code: R22

Year - I

#Semester I#Semester II
1Digital System Design with FPGAs (5855AA)1ARM Microcontrollers (5855AV)
2System Design with Embedded Linux (5855AB)2Digital Control Systems (5855AW)
3Wireless Sensor Networks (5855AE)3IoT Architectures and System Design (5855AX)
4Advanced Computer Architecture (5855AF)4Hardware and Software Co-Design (5855BA)
5Digital system Design with FPGAs (LAB) (585502)5ARM Microcontrollers (LAB) (585503)
6System Design with Embedded Linux (LAB) (585501)6Digital Control Systems (LAB) (585504)
7Research Methodology & IPR (5855AJ)7Mini Project with Seminar (585505)
8Disaster Management (5855AM)8Constitution of India (5855AK)

Year - II

#Semester III#Semester IV
1Embedded Networks1Dissertation Work Review - III
2Environmental Pollution & Control2Dissertation Viva-Voce
3Dissertation Work Review – II

Semester I​

DIGITAL SYSTEM DESIGN WITH FPGAs​

Unit-I: Programmable Logic Devices: The concept of programmable Logic Devices, SPLDs, PAL devices, PLA devices, GAL devices, CPLD-Architecture, FPGAs-FPGA technology, architecture, virtex CLB and slice, FPGA Programming Technologies, Xilinx XC2000, XC3000, XC4000 Architectures, Actel ACT1, ACT2 and ACT3 Architectures. [TEXTBOOK-1]

Unit-II: Analysis and derivation of clocked sequential circuits with state graphs and tables: A sequential parity checker, Analysis by signal tracing and timing charts-state tables and graphs-general models for sequential circuits, Design of a sequence detector, More Complex design problems, Guidelines for construction of state graphs, serial data conversion, Alphanumeric state graph notation. Need and Design stratagies for multi-clock sequential circuits. [TEXTBOOK-2]

Unit-III: Sequential circuit Design: Design procedure for sequential circuits-design example, Code converter, Design of Iterative circuits, Design of a comparator, Controller (FSM) – Metastability, Synchronization, FSM Issues, Pipelining resources sharing, Sequential circuit design using FPGAs, Simulation and testing of Sequential circuits, Overview of computer Aided Design. [TEXTBOOK-2]

Unit-IV: Fault Modeling and Test Pattern Generation: Logic Fault Model, Fault detection & redundancy, Fault equivalence and fault location, Fault dominance, Single stuck at fault model, multiple Stuck at Fault models, Bridging Fault model. Fault diagnosis of combinational circuits by conventional methods, path sensitization techniques, Boolean difference method, KOHAVI algorithm, Test algorithms-D algorithm, Random testing, transition count testing, signature analysis and test bridging faults. [TEXTBOOK-3 & Ref.1]

Unit-V: Fault Diagnosis in sequential circuits: Circuit Test Approach, Transition check Approach, State identification and fault detection experiment, Machine identification, Design of fault detection experiment. [Ref.3]

Text Books​

  1. Digital Electronics and design with VHDL- Volnei A. Pedroni, Elsevier publications.
  2. Fundamentals of Logic Design-Charles H.Roth, Jr. -5th Ed., Cengage Learning.
  3. Digital Circuits and Logic Design-Samuel C. LEE, PHI, 2008.

Reference Books​

  1. Logic Design Theory-N.N. Biswas, PHI.
  2. Digital System Design using programmable logic devices- Parag K. Lala, BS publications.
  3. Switching and Finite Automata Theory - Zvi Kohavi & Niraj K. Jha, 3rd Edition, Cambridge, 2010.

SYSTEM DESIGN WITH EMBEDDED LINUX​

Unit-I Introduction to Real Time Operating Systems: Characteristics of RTOS, Tasks Specifications and types, Real-Time Scheduling Algorithms, Concurrency, Inter-process Communication and Synchronization mechanisms, Priority Inversion, Inheritance and Ceiling. Embedded Linux Vs Desktop Linux, Embedded Linux Distributions, System calls, Static and dynamic libraries, Cross tool chains

Unit-II Embedded Linux Architecture, Kernel Architecture – HAL, Memory manager, Scheduler, File System, I/O and Networking subsystem, IPC, User space, Start-up sequence

Unit-III Board Support Package Embedded Storage: MTD, Architecture, Drivers, Embedded File System Embedded Device Drivers: Communication between user space and kernel space drivers, Character and Block Device Drivers, Interrupt handling, Kernel modules Embedded Drivers: Serial, Ethernet, I2 C, USB, Timer, Kernel Modules

Unit-IV Porting Applications Real-Time Linux: Linux and Real time, Programming, Hard Real-time Linux

Unit-V Building and Debugging: Bootloaders, Kernel, Root file system, Device Tree

Text Books​

  1. Chris Simmonds, “Mastering Embedded Linux Programming” - Second Edition, PACKT Publications Limited.
  2. Karim Yaghmour, “Building Embedded Linux Systems”, O'Reilly & Associates
  3. P Raghvan, Amol Lad, Sriram Neelakandan, “Embedded Linux System Design and Development”, Auerbach Publications

Reference Books​

  1. Christopher Hallinan, “Embedded Linux Primer: A Practical Real-World Approach”, Prentice Hall, 2nd Edition, 2010.
  2. Derek Molloy, “Exploring Beagle Bone: Tools and Techniques for Building with Embedded Linux”, Wiley, 1st Edition, 2014

WIRELESS SENSOR NETWORKS​

Unit-I Introduction to Sensor Networks, unique constraints and challenges, Advantage of Sensor Networks, Applications of Sensor Networks, Types of wireless sensor networks

Unit-II Mobile Ad-hoc Networks (MANETs) and Wireless Sensor Networks, Enabling technologies for Wireless Sensor Networks. Issues and challenges in wireless sensor networks

Unit-III Routing protocols, MAC protocols: Classification of MAC Protocols, S-MAC Protocol, B-MAC protocol, IEEE 802.15.4 standard and ZigBee

Unit-IV Dissemination protocol for large sensor network. Data dissemination, data gathering, and data fusion; Quality of a sensor network; Real-time traffic support and security protocols.

Unit-V Design Principles for WSNs, Gateway Concepts Need for gateway, WSN to Internet Communication, and Internet to WSN Communication. Single-node architecture, Hardware components & design constraints, Operating systems and execution environments, introduction to TinyOS and nesC.

Text Books​

  1. Ad-Hoc Wireless Sensor Networks- C. Siva Ram Murthy,B. S. Manoj, Pearson
  2. Principles of Wireless Networks – Kaveh Pah Laven and P. Krishna Murthy, 2002, PE

Reference Books​

  1. Wireless Digital Communications – Kamilo Feher, 1999, PHI.
  2. Wireless Communications-Andrea Goldsmith, 2005 Cambridge University Press.
  3. Mobile Cellular Communication – Gottapu Sasibhushana Rao, Pearson Education, 2012.
  4. Wireless Communication and Networking – William Stallings, 2003, PHI.

ADVANCED COMPUTER ARCHITECTURE​

Unit-I: Fundamentals of Computer Design: Fundamentals of Computer design, Changing faces of computing and task of computer designer, Technology trends, Cost price and their trends, measuring and reporting performance, quantitative principles of computer design, Amdahl’s law. Instruction set principles and examples- Introduction, classifying instruction set- memory addressing- type and size of operands, operations in the instruction set.

Unit-II: Pipelines: Introduction, basic RISC instruction set, Simple implementation of RISC instruction set, Classic five stage pipe line for RISC processor, Basic performance issues in pipelining, Pipeline hazards, Reducing pipeline branch penalties. Memory Hierarchy Design: Introduction, review of ABC of cache, Cache performance, Reducing cache miss penalty, Virtual memory.

Unit-III: Instruction Level Parallelism the Hardware Approach: Instruction-Level parallelism, Dynamic scheduling, Dynamic scheduling using Tomasulo’s approach, Branch prediction, high performance instruction delivery- hardware based speculation. ILP Software Approach: Basic compiler level techniques, static branch prediction, VLIW approach, Exploiting ILP, Parallelism at compile time, Cross cutting issues -Hardware verses Software.

Unit-IV: Multi Processors and Thread Level Parallelism: Multi Processors and Thread level Parallelism- Introduction, Characteristics of application domain, Systematic shared memory architecture, Distributed shared – memory architecture, Synchronization.

Unit-V: Inter Connection and Networks: Introduction, Interconnection network media, Practical issues in interconnecting networks, Examples of inter connection, Cluster, Designing of clusters. Intel Architecture: Intel IA- 64 ILP in embedded and mobile markets Fallacies and pit falls

Text Books​

  1. John L. Hennessy, David A. Patterson, “Computer Architecture: A Quantitative Approach”, 3rd Edition, Elsevier.

Reference Books​

  1. John P. Shen and Miikko H. Lipasti, “Modern Processor Design: Fundamentals of Super Scalar Processors”, 2002, Beta Edition, McGraw-Hill
  2. Kai Hwang, Faye A.Brigs., “Computer Architecture and Parallel Processing”, Mc Graw Hill.
  3. DezsoSima, Terence Fountain, Peter Kacsuk, “Advanced Computer Architecture - A Design Space Approach”, Pearson Education.

DIGITAL SYSTEM DESIGN WITH FPGAs LAB​

Part –I: Programming can be done using any complier. Down load the programs on FPGA/CPLD boards and performance testing may be done using pattern generator (32 channels) and logic analyzer apart from verification by simulation with any of the front end tools.

  1. HDL code to realize all the logic gates
  2. Design and Simulation of Full Adder, Serial Binary Adder, Multi Precession Adder, Carry Look Ahead Adder.
  3. Design of Combinational circuit using Decoders.
  4. Design of Combinational circuit using encoder (without and with parity).
  5. Design of Combinational circuit using multiplexer.
  6. Design of 4 bit binary to gray converter using MUX or Decoders.
  7. Design of Multiplexer/ Demultiplexer, comparator in all 3 styles.
  8. Modelling of an Edge triggered and Level triggered FFs : D, SR, JK
  9. Design of 4-bit binary, BCD counters (synchronous/ asynchronous reset) or any sequence counter
  10. Design of a N- bit Register of Serial- in Serial –out, Serial in parallel out, Parallel in Serial out and Parallel in Parallel Out using different FFs.
  11. Design of Sequence Detector (Finite State Machine- Mealy and Moore Machines).
  12. Design of 4- Bit Multiplier, Divider.
  13. Design of ALU to Perform – ADD, SUB, AND-OR, 1’s and 2’s Compliment,
  14. Implementing the above designs on FPGA kits.

SYSTEM DESIGN WITH EMBEDDED LINUX LAB​

List of Experiments:

  1. Functional Testing Of Devices: Flashing the OS on to the device into a stable functional state by porting desktop environment with necessary packages.
  2. Exporting Display On To Other Systems: Making use of available laptop/desktop displays as a display for the device using SSH client & X11 display server.
  3. GPIO Programming: Programming of available GPIO pins of the corresponding device using native programming language. Interfacing of I/O devices like LED/Switch etc., and testing the functionality.
  4. Interfacing Chronos eZ430: Chronos device is a programmable texas instruments watch which can be used for multiple purposes like PPT control, Mouse operations etc., Exploit the features of the device by interfacing with devices.
  5. ON/OFF Control Based On Light Intensity: Using the light sensors, monitor the surrounding light intensity & automatically turn ON/OFF the high intensity LED's by taking some pre-defined threshold light intensity value.
  6. Battery Voltage Range Indicator: Monitor the voltage level of the battery and indicating the same using multiple LED's (for ex: for 3V battery and 3 led's, turn on 3 led's for 2-3V, 2 led's for 1-2V, 1 led for 0.1-1V & turn off all for 0V)
  7. Dice Game Simulation: Instead of using the conventional dice, generate a random value similar to dice value and display the same using a 16X2 LCD. A possible extension could be to provide the user with option of selecting single or double dice game.
  8. Displaying RSS News Feed On Display Interface: Displaying the RSS news feed headlines on a LCD display connected to device. This can be adapted to other websites like twitter or other information websites. Python can be used to acquire data from the internet.
  9. Porting Openwrt To the Device: Attempt to use the device while connecting to a wifi network using a USB dongle and at the same time providing a wireless access point to the dongle.
  10. Hosting a website on Board: Building and hosting a simple website(static/dynamic) on the device and make it accessible online. There is a need to install server (eg: Apache) and thereby host the website.
  11. Webcam Server: Interfacing the regular usb webcam with the device and turn it into fully functional IP webcam & test the functionality.
  12. FM Transmission: Transforming the device into a regular fm transmitter capable of transmitting audio at desired frequency (generally 88-108 Mhz) Note: Devices mentioned in the above lists include Arduino, Raspbery Pi, Beaglebone

RESEARCH METHODOLOGY AND IPR​

Unit-I: Meaning of research problem, Sources of research problem, Criteria Characteristics of a good research problem, Errors in selecting a research problem, Scope and objectives of research problem. Approaches of investigation of solutions for research problem, data collection, analysis, interpretation, Necessary instrumentations

Unit-II: Effective literature studies approaches, analysis, Plagiarism, Research ethics

Unit-III: Effective technical writing, how to write report, Paper Developing a Research Proposal, Format of research proposal, a presentation and assessment by a review committee

Unit-IV: Nature of Intellectual Property: Patents, Designs, Trade and Copyright. Process of Patenting and Development: technological research, innovation, patenting, development. International Scenario: International cooperation on Intellectual Property. Procedure for grants of patents, Patenting under PCT.

Unit-V: Patent Rights: Scope of Patent Rights. Licensing and transfer of technology. Patent information and databases. Geographical Indications. New Developments in IPR: Administration of Patent System. New developments in IPR; IPR of Biological Systems, Computer Software etc. Traditional knowledge Case Studies, IPR and IITs.

Text Books​

  1. Stuart Melville and Wayne Goddard, “Research methodology: an introduction for science & engineering students’”
  2. Wayne Goddard and Stuart Melville, “Research Methodology: An Introduction”

Reference Books​

  1. Ranjit Kumar, 2nd Edition, “Research Methodology: A Step by Step Guide for beginners”
  2. Halbert, “Resisting Intellectual Property”, Taylor & Francis Ltd ,2007.
  3. Mayall, “Industrial Design”, McGraw Hill, 1992.
  4. Niebel, “Product Design”, McGraw Hill, 1974.
  5. Asimov, “Introduction to Design”, Prentice Hall, 1962.
  6. Robert P. Merges, Peter S. Menell, Mark A. Lemley, “Intellectual Property in New Technological Age”, 2016.
  7. T. Ramappa, “Intellectual Property Rights Under WTO”, S. Chand, 2008

Semester II​

ARM MICROCONTROLLERS​

Unit-I: ARM Embedded Systems: RISC design philosophy, ARM design philosophy, Embedded system hardware, Embedded system software. ARM Processor Fundamentals: Registers, Current Program Status Register, Pipeline, Exceptions, Interrupts and Vector Table, Core Extensions, Architecture Revisions, ARM Processor Families. Architecture of ARM Processors: Introduction to the architecture, Programmer’s model- operation modes and states, registers, special registers, floating point registers, Behaviour of the application program status register(APSR)-Integer status flags, Q status flag, GE bits, Memory system-Memory system features, memory map, stack memory, memory protection unit (MPU), Exceptions and Interrupts-what are exceptions, nested vectored interrupt controller(NVIC), vector table, Fault handling, System control block (SCB), Debug, Reset and reset sequence.

Unit-II: Introduction to the Arm Instruction Set: Data processing instructions, branch instructions, load-store instructions, software interrupt instructions, program status register instructions, loading constants, ARMv5E extensions, Conditional execution. Introduction to the Thumb Instruction Set: Thumb Register Usage, ARM-Thumb Interworking, Other Branch Instructions, Data Processing Instructions, Single-Register Load-Store Instructions, Multiple- Register Load-Store Instructions, Stack Instructions, Software Interrupt Instruction.

Unit-III: Technical Details of ARM Cortex M Processors General information about Cortex-M3 and cortex M4 processors-Processor type, processor architecture, instruction set, block diagram, memory system, interrupt and exception support, Features of the cortex-M3 and Cortex-M4 Processors- Performance, code density, low power, memory system, memory protection unit, interrupt handling, OS support and system level features, Cortex-M4 specific features, Ease of use, Debug support, Scalability, Compatibility.

Unit-IV: Instruction SET of ARM Cortex M Background to the instruction set in ARM Cortex-M Processors, Comparison of the instruction set in ARM Cortex-M Processors, understanding the assembly language syntax, Use of a suffix in instructions, Unified assembly Language (UAL), Instruction set, Cortex-M4- specific instructions, Barrel shifter, Accessing special instructions and special registers in Programming.

Unit-V Floating Point Operations About Floating Point Data,Cortex-M4 Floating Point Unit (FPU)- overview, FP registers overview, CPACR register, Floating point register bank, FPSCR, FPU->FPCCR, FPU- > FPCAR, FPU->FPDSCR, FPU->MVFR0, FPU->MVFR1. ARM Cortex-M4 and DSP Applications: DSP on a microcontroller, Dot Product example, writing optimized DSP code for the CortexM4-Biquad filter, Fast Fourier transform, FIR filter.

Text Books​

  1. Andrew N. SLOSS, Dominic SYMES, Chris WRIGHT- ARM System Developer’s Guide Designing and Optimizing System Software, Elsevier Publications, 2004.
  2. Joseph Yiu, The Definitive Guide to ARM Cortex-M3 and Cortex-M4 Processors by Elsevier Publications, 3rd Ed.,

Reference Books​

  1. Steve Furber - Arm System on Chip Architectures –Edison Wesley, 2000.
  2. David Seal - ARM Architecture Reference Manual, Edison Wesley, 2000.

DIGITAL CONTROL SYSTEMS​

Unit-I: REPRESENTATION OF DISCRETE TIME SYSTEMS Basics of Digital Control Systems. Discrete representation of continuous systems. Sample and hold circuit. Mathematical Modeling of sample and hold circuit. Effects of Sampling and Quantization. Choice of sampling frequency. ZOH equivalent. Z-Transforms, Mapping from s-plane to z plane, Properties of Z-Transforms and Inverse Z Transforms. Pulse Transfer function: Pulse transfer function of closed loop systems. Solution of Discrete time systems. Time response of discrete time system, Steady State errors.

Unit-II: DISCRETE TIME STATE SPACE ANALYSIS State space representation of discrete time systems, Conversion of pulse transfer function to state space models and vice-versa, Solving discrete time state space equations, State Transition Matrix, Pulse Transfer Function Matrix. Discretization of continuous time state space equations. Concept of Controllability, stabilizability, observability, reachability – Controllability and observability tests. Effect of pole zero cancellation on the controllability & observability.

Unit-III: STABILITY ANALYSIS OF DISCRETE TIME SYSTEM Concept of stability in z-domain, Stability analysis discrete time system: by Jury test, using bilinear transformation. Stability Analysis of discrete time systems using Lyapunov methods.

Unit-IV: DESIGN OF DIGITAL CONTROL SYSTEM BY CONVENTIONAL METHODS Design and realization of digital PID Controller, Design of discrete time controllers with bilinear transformation, Design of digital control system with dead beat response, Practical issues with dead beat response design.

UNIT-V: DESIGN STATE FEEDBACK CONTROLLERS AND OBSERVERS Design of discrete state feedback controllers through pole placement, Design of Discrete Observer for LTI System: Design of full order and reduced observers, Design of observer-based controllers.

Text Books​

  1. K. Ogata, “Digital Control Engineering”, Prentice Hall, Englewood Cliffs, 1995.
  2. M. Gopal, “Digital Control Engineering”, Wiley Eastern, 1988.
  3. V, I, George and C. P. Kurian, Digital Control Systems, CENGAGE Learning, 2012

Reference Books​

  1. G. F. Franklin, J. D. Powell and M. L. Workman, “Digital Control of Dynamic Systems”, Addison-Wesley, 1998.
  2. B.C. Kuo, “Digital Control System”, Holt, Rinehart and Winston, 1980.

IOT ARCHITECTURES AND SYSTEM DESIGN​

Unit-I: IoT introduction: Introduction and definition of IoT, Evolution of IoT, IoT growth, Application areas of IoT, Characteristics of IoT, IoT stack, Enabling technologies, IoT levels, IoT sensing and actuation, Sensing types, Actuator types.

Unit-II: IoT and M2M: M2M to IoT – A Basic Perspective– Introduction, Differences and similarities between M2M and IoT, SDN and NFV for IoT.M2M Value Chains, IoT Value Chains, An emerging industrial structure for IoT, The international driven global value chain and global information monopolies.

Unit-III: IoT Hands-on: Introduction to Arduino Programming, Integration of Sensors and Actuators with Arduino. Introduction to Python programming, Introduction to Raspberry Pi, Interfacing Raspberry Pi with basic peripherals, Implementation of IoT with Raspberry Pi.

Unit-IV: IoT Architecture: IoT Architecture components, Comparing IoT architectures, A simplified IoT architecture, The core IoT functional stack, IoT data management and compute stack

Unit-V: IoT System design: Challenges associated with IoT, Emerging pillors of IoT, Agricultural IoT, Vehicular IoT, Healthcare IoT, Smart cities, Transportation and logistics.

Text Books​

  1. Sudip Misra, Anandarup Mukherjee, Arijit Roy “Introduction to IOT”, Cambridge University Press.
  2. David Hanes, Gonzalo salgueiro, Patrick Grossetete, Rob barton, Jerome henry “IoT Fundamentals Networking technologies, protocols, and use cases for IoT”, Cisco Press

Reference Books​

  1. Cuno pfister, “Getting started with the internet of things”, O Reilly Media, 2011
  2. Francis daCosta, “Rethinking the Internet of Things: A Scalable Approach to Connecting Everything”, 1 st Edition, Apress Publications.
  3. “Internet of Things concepts and applications”, Wiley
  4. Arshdeep Bahga,Vijay Madisetti “Internet of Things A Hands on approach”, Universities Press
  5. Shriram K Vasudevan, RMD Sundaram, Abhishek S Nagarajan, “Internet of things” John Wiley and Sons.
  6. Massimo Banzi, Michael Shiloh Make: Getting Started with the Arduino, Shroff Publisher/Maker Media Publishers.

HARDWARE AND SOFTWARE CO-DESIGN​

Unit-I: Co-Design Issues: Co- Design Models, Architectures, Languages, A Generic Co-design Methodology. Co-Synthesis Algorithms: Hardware software synthesis algorithms: hardware – software partitioning distributed system co-synthesis.

Unit-II: Prototyping and Emulation: Prototyping and emulation techniques, prototyping and emulation environments, future developments in emulation and prototyping architecture specialization techniques, system communication infrastructure. Target Architectures: Architecture Specialization techniques, System Communication infrastructure, Target Architecture and Application System classes, Architecture for control dominated systems (8051- Architectures for High performance control), Architecture for Data dominated systems (ADSP21060, TMS320C60), Mixed Systems.

Unit-III: Compilation Techniques and Tools for Embedded Processor Architectures: Modern embedded architectures, embedded software development needs, compilation technologies, practical consideration in a compiler development environment.

Unit-IV: Design Specification and Verification: Design, co-design, the co-design computational model, concurrency coordinating concurrent computations, interfacing components, design verification, implementation verification, verification tools, interface verification.

Unit-V: Languages for System – Level Specification and Design-I: System – level specification, design representation for system level synthesis, system level specification languages, Languages for System – Level Specification and Design-II: Heterogeneous specifications and multilanguage co-simulation, the cosyma system and lycos system.

Text Books​

  1. Hardware / Software Co- Design Principles and Practice – Jorgen Staunstrup, Wayne Wolf – Springer, 2009.

Reference Books​

  1. Hardware / Software Co- Design - Giovanni De Micheli, Mariagiovanna Sami, Kluwer Academic Publishers, 2002.
  2. A Practical Introduction to Hardware/Software Co-design -Patrick R. Schaumont, Springer, 2010

ARM MICROCONTROLLERS LAB​

Course Outcomes: At the end of the laboratory work, students will be able to:

  1. Install, configure and utilize tool sets for developing applications based on ARM processor core SoC and DSP processor.
  2. Develop prototype codes using commonly available on and off chip peripherals on the Cortex M3 and DSP development boards.

List of Assignments: Experiments to be carried out on Cortex-M3 development boards and using GNU tool- chain

  1. Blink an LED with software delay, delay generated using the SysTicktimer.
  2. System clock real time alteration using the PLL modules.
  3. Control intensity of an LED using PWM implemented in software and hardware.
  4. Control an LED using switch by polling method, by interrupt method and flash the LED once every five switch presses.
  5. UART Echo Test.
  6. Take analog readings on rotation of rotary potentiometer connected to an ADC channel.
  7. Temperature indication on an RGB LED.
  8. Mimic light intensity sensed by the light sensor by varying the blinking rate of an LED.
  9. Evaluate the various sleep modes by putting core in sleep and deep sleep modes.
  10. System reset using watchdog timer in case something goes wrong.
  11. Sample sound using a microphone and display sound levels on LEDs.

DIGITAL CONTROL SYSTEMS LAB​

Perform the following experiments in real time by interfacing with the related hardware. List of Experiments:

  1. PWM pulse generation
  2. Three phase voltage monitoring using A/D converter.
  3. Three phase current monitoring using A/D converter.
  4. Speed monitoring of AC motor.
  5. Sine PWM pulse generation.
  6. Inverter output voltage control.
  7. Control of AC motor using UFD.
  8. Control of DC motor using DC drive.

Semester III​

EMBEDDED NETWORKS​

Unit-I: I Embedded Communication Protocols: Embedded Networking: Introduction – Serial/Parallel Communication – Serial communication protocols -RS232 standard – RS485 – Synchronous Serial Protocols -Serial Peripheral Interface (SPI) – Inter Integrated Circuits (I2C) – PC Parallel port programming - ISA/PCI Bus protocols – Firewire.

Unit-II: USB and CAN Bus: USB bus: Introduction – Speed Identification on the bus – USB States – USB bus communication Packets –Data flow types –Enumeration –Descriptors –PIC 18 Microcontroller USB Interface – C Programs –CAN Bus – Introduction - Frames –Bit stuffing –Types of errors –Nominal Bit Timing – PIC microcontroller CAN Interface –A simple application with CAN.

Unit-III: Ethernet Basics: Elements of a network – Inside Ethernet – Building a Network: Hardware options – Cables, Connections and network speed – Design choices: Selecting components –Ethernet Controllers –Using the internet in local and internet communications – Inside the Internet protocol.

Unit-IV: Embedded Ethernet: Exchanging messages using UDP and TCP – Serving web pages with Dynamic Data – Serving web pages that respond to user Input – Email for Embedded Systems – Using FTP – Keeping Devices and Network secure.

Unit-V: Wireless Embedded Networking: Wireless sensor networks – Introduction – Applications – Network Topology – Localization –Time Synchronization - Energy efficient MAC protocols –SMAC – Energy efficient and robust routing – Data Centric routing. TEXT BOOKS 1. Embedded Systems Design: A Unified Hardware/Software Introduction - Frank Vahid, Tony Givargis, John & Wiley Publications, 2002 2. Parallel Port Complete: Programming, interfacing and using the PCs parallel printer port - Jan Axelson, Penram Publications, 1996.

Text Books​

  1. Embedded Systems Design: A Unified Hardware/Software Introduction - Frank Vahid, Tony 1.Givargis, John & Wiley Publications, 2002

  2. Parallel Port Complete: Programming, interfacing and using the PCs parallel printer port - Jan Axelson, Penram Publications, 1996

Reference Books​

  1. Advanced PIC microcontroller projects in C: from USB to RTOS with the PIC18F series -Dogan Ibrahim, Elsevier 2008.

  2. Embedded Ethernet and Internet Complete - Jan Axelson, Penram publications, 2003.

  3. Networking Wireless Sensors - Bhaskar Krishnamachari, Cambridge press 2005

ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION AND CONTROL​

Unit-I: Air Pollution: Air pollution Control Methods – Particulate control devices – Methods of Controlling Gaseous Emissions – Air quality standards. Noise Pollution: Noise standards, Measurement and control methods – Reducing residential and industrial noise – ISO:14000.

Unit-II: Industrial waste water Management: Strategies for pollution control – Volume and Strength reduction – Neutralization – Equalization – Proportioning – Common Effluent Treatment Plants – Recirculation of industrial wastes – Effluent standards.

Unit-III: Solid Waste Management: solid waste characteristics – basics of on-site handling and collection – separation and processing – Incineration- Composting-Solid waste disposal methods – fundamentals of Land filling. Hazardous Waste: Characterization – Nuclear waste – Biomedical wastes – Electronic wastes – Chemical wastes – Treatment and management of hazardous waste-Disposal and Control methods.

Unit-IV: Environmental Sanitation: Environmental Sanitation Methods for Hostels and Hotels, Hospitals, Swimming pools and public bathing places, social gatherings (melas and fares), Schools and Institutions, Rural Sanitation-low cost waste disposal methods.

Unit-V: Sustainable Development: Definition- elements of sustainable developments-Indicators of sustainable development- Sustainability Strategies- Barriers to Sustainability–Industrialization and sustainable development – Cleaner production in achieving sustainability- sustainable development.

Text Books​

  1. Peavy, H. S., Rowe, D.R, Tchobanoglous, “Environmental Engineering”, Mc-Graw Hill International Editions, New York 1985.

  2. J. G. Henry and G.W. Heinke, “Environmental Science and Engineering”, Pearson Education.

Reference Books​

  1. G. L. Karia and R.A. Christian, “Waste water treatment- concepts and design approach”, Prentice Hall of India

  2. M. N. Rao and H. V. N. Rao, “Air pollution”, Tata McGraw Hill Company.

  3. Ruth F. “Weiner and Robin Matthews Environmental Engineering”, 4th Edition Elsevier, 2003.

  4. K. V. S. G. Murali Krishna, “Air Pollution and Control” by, Kousal & Co. Publications, New Delhi.