Inheritance

Definition :

Inheritance is an object-oriented programming concept where a child class (subclass) acquires the properties and behaviors (fields and methods) of a parent class (superclass). It promotes code reusability, hierarchical classification, and enables polymorphism.

---

C++

Syntax

class BaseClass {
public:
    void baseFunction() {
        // code
    }
};

class DerivedClass : access_specifier BaseClass {
    // access_specifier can be public, protected, or private
};

Example

#include <iostream>
using namespace std;

class Animal {
public:
    void sound() {
        cout << "Animal makes a sound" << endl;
    }
};

class Dog : public Animal {
public:
    void bark() {
        cout << "Dog barks" << endl;
    }
};

int main() {
    Dog myDog;

    myDog.sound();  // Inherited from Animal
    myDog.bark();   // Own method

    return 0;
}

C#

Syntax

class className {
    public void methodName() {
        // base class method
    }
}

class DerivedClass : className {
    // inherits methodName from className
}

Example

using System;

class Person {
    public string Name = "Alice";

    public void displayName() {
        Console.WriteLine("Name: " + Name);
    }
}

class Student : Person {
    public void showStudent() {
        displayName();  // inherited method
    }
}

class Program {
    static void Main() {
        Student s = new Student();
        s.showStudent();
    }
}

---

Java

Syntax

class className {
    public void methodName() {
        // base class method
    }
}

class DerivedClass extends className {
    // inherits methodName from className
}

Example

class Person {
    public String name = "Alice";

    public void displayName() {
        System.out.println("Name: " + name);
    }
}

class Student extends Person {
    public void showStudent() {
        displayName();  // inherited method
    }

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Student s = new Student();
        s.showStudent();
    }
}

---

Python

Syntax

class className:
    def methodName(self):
        # base class method
        pass

class DerivedClass(className):
    # inherits methodName from className
    pass

Example

class Person:
    def __init__(self):
        self.name = "Alice"

    def display_name(self):
        print("Name:", self.name)

class Student(Person):
    def show_student(self):
        self.display_name()  # inherited method

s = Student()
s.show_student()

---

JavaScript

Syntax

class className {
    methodName() {
        // base class method
    }
}

class DerivedClass extends className {
    // inherits methodName from className
}

Example

class Person {
    constructor() {
        this.name = "Alice";
    }

    displayName() {
        console.log("Name:", this.name);
    }
}

class Student extends Person {
    showStudent() {
        this.displayName();  // inherited method
    }
}

const s = new Student();
s.showStudent();

---

TypeScript

Syntax

class BaseClass {
    baseFunction(): void {
        // code
    }
}

class DerivedClass extends BaseClass {
    // Derived class can access baseFunction based on its visibility
}

Example

class Animal {
    sound(): void {
        console.log("Animal makes a sound");
    }
}

class Dog extends Animal {
    bark(): void {
        console.log("Dog barks");
    }
}

const myDog = new Dog();

myDog.sound();  // Inherited from Animal
myDog.bark();   // Own method

---

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